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来源：彩合网平台2021-11-16 17:48

扎根一线，投身良种技术攻关******

　　称重，测量，观察籽粒大小、饱满度……在实验室见到党的二十大代表、天津市农业科学院农作物研究所研究员时晓伟时，她正在几百份小麦种子样品前紧张忙碌，“这些都是最新培育的小麦品种，一部分将带到云南扩繁。”

　　从事小麦优质高产育种研究工作22年，时晓伟探索出了南繁加代、穿梭育种、品质综合评价和试验示范同步进行的小麦高效育种技术方法，显著提高了育种进程和新品种选育质量。

　　随着春节临近，时晓伟和同事们正抓紧分析春小麦品质，“我们利用时空、气候差异，进行穿梭育种、南繁加代，从而提升品种选育质量，加快繁育速度。”

　　打开编号“S22F6—1372”的小麦样品口袋，时晓伟小心拈出10余粒小麦种子，轻轻捧在手心，对着灯光仔细查看。“这个品系粒大，但太瘪，黑胚重，可做大粒亲本，做品种不适合。”时晓伟说。

　　对培育的小麦进行室内考种，是一项精细的技术活。时晓伟说，不仅要观察每一世代不同家系间小麦籽粒的饱满度、大小、均匀程度、有无黑胚、胚乳是角质还是粉质等性状，还要结合田间农艺性状调查记载，综合考虑保留哪些家系进入下一世代，淘汰哪些家系。

　　来到小麦品质分析实验室，里面有揉混仪、粉质仪、拉伸仪等分析仪器，还有2022年新添置的全套面包烘焙设备。“通过面包的组织结构、粘弹性等，分析评价面粉品质。”时晓伟说，只有通过全方位、严格的品质分析，才能选择优质高产品系进入天津市春小麦区域试验。

　　小麦品种迭代从6年6代，逐渐缩短为3年8代；小麦亩产从津强1号的150公斤，增长到津强14号、16号的亩产450公斤左右；津强系列强筋春小麦品种累计推广1000多万亩……20多年来，时晓伟和团队全身心投入小麦优质高产育种研究工作。截至目前，共选育出14个强筋高产春小麦品种、7个优质高产冬小麦品种。

　　走出实验室，记者跟随时晓伟来到位于天津市武清区的冬小麦育种试验田。“冬小麦早已浇完冬水，进入‘冬眠’时间。”看着泛着青色的麦苗，时晓伟说，让小麦高产，既要有良种，也要科学种植，精心管理，“要关注气温、降水等情况，加强实地踏勘，及时弥补麦田裂缝，防止麦苗受冻，确保麦苗春季返青。”

　　接下来这一个月，时晓伟还要深入农村，给基层农技人员及麦农授课，讲解麦田管理注意事项。“只要能让小麦丰收，把小麦当家品种牢牢攥在自己手里，再苦再累都值得。”时晓伟说，2023年春天，具有高产、强筋、抗病特性的津强14号、16号小麦将投入小面积生产示范，“我对这两款品种的种植前景充满信心。”

　　党的二十大报告提出，“全方位夯实粮食安全根基”“深入实施种业振兴行动”。时晓伟表示，将继续扎根一线加强良种技术攻关，助力小麦优质高产，助力农民增产增收。（记者武少民）

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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.