资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
我国数字经济发展进入数据驱动新阶段****** 1月4日,中国信息通信研究院在“第五届数据资产管理大会”发布的《大数据白皮书》(以下简称《白皮书》)显示,我国大数据技术产业整体水平大幅提升,已形成数据存储与计算、数据管理、数据流通、数据应用、数据安全五大核心领域。 从《白皮书》披露的数据看,我国大数据发展环境持续向好,创新能力不断增强,生态体系持续优化,市场前景广受认可。 从创新能力看,2021年我国发表大数据领域论文量占全球31%,大数据相关专利受理总数占全球超50%,均位居第一;从生态体系看,2021年我国大数据市场主体总量超18万家,形成了大企业引领、中小企业协同、创新企业不断涌现的发展格局;从市场前景看,2021年我国大数据相关企业获投总金额超过800亿元,创历史新高。 “2022年,我国在政策、人才、资金等方面持续加码,为大数据后续发展注入强劲动力。”中国信息通信研究院院长余晓晖特别指出,《关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》(以下简称《数据二十条》)的印发,是我国探索数据要素价值释放、做强做优做大数字经济迈出重要一步。 尽管我国数据生产要素制度建设再获关键政策支撑,但未来发展,还要看大数据技术产业,即五大核心领域如何应对挑战。 针对《白皮书》罗列的各项挑战,中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所所长何宝宏以数据流通领域为例指出,数据流通技术提供了“数据可用不可见”“数据可控可计量”的数据服务新范式,数据流通市场逐渐从“以数据产品为主”向市场驱动的“以数据需求为主”转变,挑战也越发凸显,比如,数据权属界定的场景与问题复杂,对参与数据流通的主体权利关系,理论、制度和产业实践层面均尚未形成共识;数据的估值定价尚缺乏科学、标准的评价方法;数据流通的准入、竞争等行为约束没有清晰的法律界定,配套规则不完善;隐私计算等数据流通关键技术应用不成熟。 谈及被列为首位挑战的数据权属界定,北京大成律师事务所合伙人张建民说:“从土地到石油,生产要素的产权界定是牵一发而动全身的大事,数据确权也是数据基础制度体系最为核心的问题,是数据要素市场化的逻辑起点和法律前提。《数据二十条》将弥合此前关于数据确权的各种分歧,引导各方将力量集中到更为细致的制度研究和设计上。” 数据流通的重要前提是数据开放,它所带来的安全挑战来自何处首先需要廓清,《白皮书》给予明确:数据安全责任体系构建尚不成熟,数据安全的主体责任边界模糊;具体业务场景下的技术落地仍然缺乏实践指引,数据安全管理与技术易脱钩;传统网络安全防护思路与措施无法满足当下的数据安全防护需求。 “对数据开放中的安全性、合规性、权益分配等方面的考量,在一定程度上阻碍了数据的互联互通与价值实现,市场因而呈现‘数据需要开放,却又难以开放’的困境。”中国电子数据治理工程指挥部技术部主任国丽认为,解决这一矛盾需要扎实的安全技术支撑,需建立覆盖产权、流通、分配、治理的一体化的数据安全与数据要素化工程体系。 以《数据二十条》出台为标志,我国数字经济发展从技术引领进入到数据驱动的新阶段,中国电子信息行业联合会秘书长高素梅强调,目前我国数据管理的水平仍然处于初步发展阶段,数据管理的科学性、规范性、实用性仍然影响数据要素市场的进一步培育与开拓。(刘艳) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |